About ENEA Group

ENEA Group Structure

1) Ruling on discontinuation of the bankruptcy proceedings/the company does not conduct business activity.

Industry profile

The main normative act governing the operation of the national energy market in Poland is the Energy Law Act of 10 April 1997 and the regulations / implementing acts issued on its basis, mainly by ministers of economy or climate and environment. By the power of the Act mentioned above, the Energy Regulatory Office (ERO) was established. Tasks of the Office include: granting and revoking concessions, approving and monitoring the application of tariffs for gaseous fuel, electricity and heat in respect of compliance with the principles specified in the Act and implementing acts, including analyzing and verifying the costs used by utility companies to justify their prices and charge rates in the tariffs as well as performing other tasks specified in the Act or separate acts, among others in relation to property rights in certificates of origin for electricity and carbon dioxide emission allowances. After Poland joined the European Union, national law had to be harmonized with EU laws. From then on, European legislation became the basis for developing national legal regulations governing the energy market, such as the Renewable Energy Sources Act of 20 February 2015 or the Energy Efficiency Act of 20 May 2016.

The fundamental pieces of European energy legislation were those dealing with the liberalization of the European Union’s electricity market. They are being amended and supplemented to this day. Among the pivotal developments arising from the EU legislation, also for the Polish electricity market, was the entry into force of the market liberalization laws in 2007, which permitted retail consumers to purchase electricity from any seller.

Nowadays, electricity is a commodity traded on an open, competitive market. Electricity is similar to other goods, in that it is generated by producers, then taken over, for the most part, by market intermediaries, to finally reach domestic customers, businesses and institutions. Just as all other produced goods, electricity must be transported to the final consumer, which is effected via the transmission and distribution grid or, as is the case with RES, may be supplied via a direct line.

The energy market in Poland is divided among several power industry groups, with the major ones, apart from ENEA, being: PGE, TAURON, Energa (Orlen Group), ZE PAK and E.ON (former Innogy, operating in Warsaw only). Under the Energy Law, special permits (concessions) issued by the ERO President are required to carry out electricity transmission and distribution activity. Leading electricity distributors in Poland include: ENEA Operator, PGE Dystrybucja, TAURON Dystrybucja and Energa Operator.

The continuous efforts to build an open and competitive market are based on the assumption that both generation and sales of electricity are not subject to a natural monopoly. Moreover, market mechanisms, construed as competition between power industry groups, will ensure a high quality of services, reliability of the Polish Power System (PPS) and low electricity prices. Access to inexpensive electricity is necessary for the economy, in particular to make sure that local industrial production can compete in international markets and thereby build Poland’s competitive advantage.

In February 2021, the Council of Ministers approved “Poland’s Energy Policy until 2040” (PEP2040), a new strategic document defining development directions for this sector. According to that document, in 2040 more than half of the installed capacity will be in zero-emission sources. Of particular importance in this process will be the addition of offshore wind power generation to the Polish power system and the commissioning of a nuclear power plant. These will be the two new strategic areas and branches of industry to be created in Poland. PEP2040 is one of nine integrated sectoral strategies built on the Responsible Development Strategy. PEP2040 is consistent with the National Plan for Energy and Climate for 2021–2030. PEP2040 contains a description of the condition and considerations of the energy sector. The document identifies three pillars of PEP2040, eight detailed objectives of PEP2040 and the actions necessary to accomplish them, as well as strategic projects. It lays out the geographic coverage and presents the sources of financing for PEP2040.

The following are key elements of PEP2040:

• Energy transition, including energy self-sufficiency.
• Increase in the share of RES in all sectors and technologies. In 2030, RES should cover at least 23% of final gross energy consumption, with the RES share being at least 32% in power generation (mainly wind and PV power), 28% in district heating (increasing by 1 p.p. y/y), 14% in transport (with a big contribution of electromobility).
• Offshore wind power generation – installed capacity will reach from approx. 5.9 GW in 2030 to approx. 11 GW in 2040.
• Installed photovoltaic capacity will increase considerably: approx. 5-7 GW in 2030 and approx. 10-16 GW in 2040.
• In 2030, the share of coal in electricity generation will not exceed 56%, and given the increased prices of CO₂ emission allowances it may drop even lower to 37.5%.

Additionally, in April 2021 Poland adopted its energy transition program, which calls for, among other things, a spin-off of coal assets.

Risks and opportunities related to climate

Detailed information can be found in the "Statement on Non-Financial Information of the ENEA Group for the year 2023" which constitutes Chapter 12 of the Management Report on the activities of ENEA S.A. and the ENEA Group in 2023.

ENEA Group analyzes risks related to the impact of climate change on the enterprise (transition risk and physical risk) as well as whether the two are related and how. Climate risk is formulated as a future uncertain event related to the impact of climate change on the enterprise, the results of which may have a negative effect on the enterprise. In its analyses, the ENEA Group applies short term (until 2025), medium term (until 2030) and long term (until 2050) time horizons. The climate risk is applicable to the entire value chain.

Transition risks

Transition risks (also known as transformation risks) arise from the transition to a low-carbon economy and can be divided as follows:
• legal and regulatory risks – tightening of legal requirements and restrictions on climate aspects,
• technological risk – exclusion and replacement of conventional assets with innovative assets,
• market risk – high volatility and unpredictability of market energy prices,
• reputational risk – stigmatization of energy companies as a result of the perception of the energy sector as air polluter.
The identified major transition risks associated with climate change include:
• tightening legal requirements for climate aspects,
• changing customer demand and expectations for products and services provided by the ENEA Group companies through, among others, the development of prosumers, support for thermal insulation and construction of distributed heat sources,
• high volatility and unpredictability of market energy prices,
• the inability to raise capital to finance operations based on non-renewable fuels,
• the need for restructuring or re-branding resulting from a change in business profile,
• decommissioning and replacement of assets that operate primarily on fossil fuels,
• other: regulatory, financial, social, technological etc.

Physical risks

Physical risks arise from the changing climate, including:
• acute risk – resulting from extreme weather events, including:
− increasingly frequent extreme temperatures unprecedented in the respective regions,
− an increase in the frequency and intensity of strong and gusty winds,
• chronic risk – resulting from long-term climate change, including:
− more frequent occurrence of temperatures oscillating around 0° Celsius in winter,
− the occurrence of milder winters in terms of snowfall,
− greater intensity of storms, which can cause flooding at any time of the year,
− rainfall of an erratic nature, resulting in longer periods without rain, punctuated by storms,
− more frequent droughts and associated water restrictions, as well as an increased risk of wildfires,
− increased evaporation processes, i.e. spontaneous and irregular evaporation of water from the surface of water bodies and flowing waters, soil and the moistened surface of inanimate objects, occurring mainly under the influence of solar radiation,
− progressive changes in the species composition of tree stands and weakening of their condition,
− depletion of biodiversity,
− rising sea levels, flooding of coastal areas,
− social problems, related to the surge in migrations from areas affected by extreme climate change
− social problems related to the health condition of the country’s population (climate-related diseases).

Management of climate risk

Corporate Governance

Describe the oversight exercised by the Management Board and the Supervisory Board over climate-related risks and opportunities. Describe the role of the Management Board and the Supervisory Board in assessing and managing climate-related risks and opportunities.

Policies on engagement of the Management Board and Directors and Officers, particularly regarding their responsibilities in respect of climate change, allow stakeholders to analyze the organization’s level of awareness of climate issues. The ENEA S.A. Management Board sets and approves the goals and priorities of the ENEA Group Climate Policy. In 2023, the Vice-President of the Management Board for Operations and the Vice-President for Strategy and Development were responsible for managing the ENEA Group’s climate impact issues. The Vice-President of the ENEA S.A. Management Board for Strategy and Development oversaw the implementation of the ENEA Group Climate Policy in 2023. The management boards of ENEA Group companies are responsible for conducting and organizing subordinate processes in accordance with the goals and priorities contained in the ENEA Group Climate Policy and for ensuring timely, reliable and complete reporting of climate-related activities. The Director of the Group Strategy and Development Management Department is responsible for implementing and updating the ENEA Group Climate Policy.

Strategy

Describe the climate-related risks and opportunities the organization has identified over the short, medium, and long term.

The ENEA Group analyzes risks related to the impact of climate change on the enterprise (transition risk and physical risk) as well as whether the two are related and how.

Climate risk is formulated as a future uncertain event related to the impact of climate change on the enterprise, the results of which may have a negative effect on the enterprise. In its analyses, the ENEA Group applies short term (until 2025), medium term (until 2030) and long term (until 2050) time horizons. The climate risk is applicable to the entire value chain. In 2023, the ENEA Group identified, assessed and monitored enterprise risks that have a climate aspect according to ERM assumptions.